← Salama ibn al-Akwa’ — biography→ سيرة سلمة بن الأكوع

As delivered at Jumu‘ah — Burlington Masjid

Salama ibn al-Akwa’ (رضي الله عنه) — Give Allah the Gift He Gave You

Khutbah · approximately 28–30 minutes

Opening

إنَّ الْحَمْدَ لِلهِ نَحْمَدُهُ وَنَسْتَعِينُهُ وَنَسْتَغْفِرُهُ، وَنَعُوذُ بِاللهِ مِنْ شُرُورِ أَنْفُسِنَا وَمِنْ سَيِّئَاتِ أَعْمَالِنَا، مَنْ يَهْدِهِ اللهُ فَلاَ مُضِلَّ لَهُ، وَمَنْ يُضْلِلْ فَلاَ هَادِيَ لَهُ، وَأَشْهَدُ أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللهُ وَحْدَهُ لاَ شَرِيكَ لَهُ، وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ
Inna al-hamda lillahi nahmaduhu wa nasta‘eenuhu wa nastagfiruhu, wa na‘udhu billahi min shururi anfusina wa min sayyi’ati a‘malina, man yahdihi Allahu fala mudilla lahu, wa man yudlil fala hadiya lahu, wa ashhadu an la ilaha illa Allah wahdahu la sharika lahu, wa ashhadu anna Muhammadan ‘abduhu wa rasuluhu.
Khutbat al-hajah — the opening of the khutbah
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ حَقَّ تُقَاتِهِ وَلا تَمُوتُنَّ إِلَّا وَأَنْتُمْ مُسْلِمُونَ
Yaa ayyuhal lazeena amanoo ittaqqullaha haqqa tuqatihi wa la tamootunna illa wa antum muslimoon.
O believers! Be mindful of Allah in the way He deserves, and do not die except in a state of full submission to Him.
Qur’an, Surah Ali ‘Imran 3:102 — the call to fear Allah

Part One

السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته — Assalamu ‘alaikum wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuhu.

Brothers and sisters,

Let me ask you a question, and be honest with yourself about the answer. If the Prophet were standing here today and the ummah needed something from you — what would you put in his hands?

Some of us would think of money. And that is a good answer — it was the answer of Abu Bakr, رضي الله عنه, who brought everything he owned. It was the answer of Uthman, رضي الله عنه, who equipped an entire army. But here is the problem: when we can’t give like they gave, shaytan whispers to us that we have nothing to give at all. I don’t have the wealth, I don’t have the knowledge, I don’t have the position — so I’ll sit this one out.

Today I want to tell you about a Sahabi who owned almost nothing. No fortune. No noble lineage that Quraysh would recognize. No position. A desert man from the tribe of Aslam. And yet the Prophet said about him — on a day when the strongest men of Madinah were present — that he was the best they had. His name is Salama ibn al-Akwa’, رضي الله عنه.

Allah says in the Qur’an:

لَن تَنَالُوا۟ ٱلْبِرَّ حَتَّىٰ تُنفِقُوا۟ مِمَّا تُحِبُّونَ ۚ وَمَا تُنفِقُوا۟ مِن شَىْءٍ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ بِهِۦ عَلِيمٌ
Lan tanaloo al-birra hatta tunfiqoo mimma tuhibboon, wa ma tunfiqoo min shay’in fa-inna Allaha bihi ‘aleem
You will never achieve righteousness until you donate some of what you cherish. And whatever you give is certainly well known to Allah.
Qur’an, Surah Ali ‘Imran 3:92 (The Clear Quran)

Notice the wording, brothers and sisters. Allah did not say “until you donate money.” He said مِمَّا تُحِبُّونَ — from what you love, from what you have. And He closed the ayah with مِن شَىْءٍ — from anything. Whatever Allah placed in your hands, that is what He is asking from. Salama’s whole life is the tafsir of this ayah.

The Pledge Under the Tree

Let us start at Hudaybiyyah, in the year 6 after Hijrah. The Muslims are fourteen hundred, unarmed for war, and word spreads that Uthman — sent as an envoy into Makkah — may have been killed. The Prophet calls the believers to pledge allegiance under a tree. Allah Himself testified about that moment:

لَّقَدْ رَضِىَ ٱللَّهُ عَنِ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِذْ يُبَايِعُونَكَ تَحْتَ ٱلشَّجَرَةِ فَعَلِمَ مَا فِى قُلُوبِهِمْ فَأَنزَلَ ٱلسَّكِينَةَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَأَثَـٰبَهُمْ فَتْحًا قَرِيبًا
Laqad radiya Allahu ‘ani al-mu’mineena idh yubayi‘oonaka tahta ash-shajarati fa-‘alima ma fee quloobihim fa-anzala as-sakeenata ‘alayhim wa athabahum fathan qareeba
Indeed, Allah was pleased with the believers when they pledged allegiance to you ⟨O Prophet⟩ under the tree. He knew what was in their hearts, so He sent down serenity upon them and rewarded them with a victory at hand.
Qur’an, Surah al-Fath 48:18 (The Clear Quran)

Every man under that tree pledged once. Salama pledged three times. He himself narrates — and this is in Sahih Muslim — that he gave bay‘ah with the first of the people, and the Prophet saw him again in the middle of the people and said, “بَايِعْ يَا سَلَمَة” — “Pledge, O Salama.” He said: “قَدْ بَايَعْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ فِي أَوَّلِ النَّاسِ” — “I already pledged, O Messenger of Allah, with the first of the people.” The Prophet said: “وَأَيْضًا” — “And again.” So he pledged again. And when the people were finishing, the Prophet called him a third time — and he pledged a third time. (Sahih Muslim 1807)

And what was this pledge? Yazid ibn Abi ‘Ubayd asked Salama years later: “On what did you pledge to the Messenger of Allah on the day of Hudaybiyyah?” He answered with two words:

عَلَى الْمَوْتِ
‘Ala al-mawt
Upon death.
Sahih al-Bukhari 2960; Sahih Muslim 1860

SubhanAllah. This man had no money to pledge. So he pledged the only thing he owned — himself. Three times.

The Day of Dhu Qarad: One Man on Foot

Now let me show you what that pledge looked like in action, because for Salama it was not a ceremony. What follows is Salama’s own firsthand account, preserved in one long narration in Sahih Muslim (1807).

Shortly after Hudaybiyyah, Salama goes out before Fajr toward al-Ghaba, where the Prophet’s she-camels are grazing. On the way, a young helper meets him with terrible news: raiders under ‘Abd al-Rahman al-Fazari have swept in, killed the herdsman, and driven off every single camel.

What does Salama have? He has no horse. He has a bow, some arrows — and his legs. So he climbs a hill facing Madinah and gives the alarm with his voice, three times:

يَا صَبَاحَاهْ! يَا صَبَاحَاهْ! يَا صَبَاحَاهْ!
Ya sabahah! Ya sabahah! Ya sabahah!
“O morning raid!” — the cry the Arabs used to warn of an attack at dawn.
Sahih Muslim 1807

And then, brothers and sisters — one man, on foot — he chases an armed, mounted war party. Alone. He runs them down, and he was known as the fastest of men; he shoots arrow after arrow, and each time he shoots he calls out his rajaz, his battle-line:

خُذْهَا وَأَنَا ابْنُ الْأَكْوَعِ — وَالْيَوْمُ يَوْمُ الرُّضَّعِ
Khudh-ha wa ana ibnu al-Akwa‘ — wal-yawmu yawmu ar-rudda‘
Take that! I am the son of al-Akwa‘ — and today is the day the lowly are destroyed.
Sahih Muslim 1807

And listen to his tactics, in his own words: whenever a rider turned back to charge him, he would come to a tree, sit at its base, and shoot — wounding the horse. And when the raiders funneled into a narrow mountain pass, he climbed above them and began hurling stones down on them (“عَلَوْتُ الْجَبَلَ فَجَعَلْتُ أُرَدِّيهِمْ بِالْحِجَارَةِ”‘alawtu al-jabala fa-ja‘altu uraddeehim bil-hijarah). All morning, one man on foot harasses an entire cavalry force — until, one by one, they start throwing things off to lighten their horses. They drop spears. They drop cloaks. And listen to this detail from his own words: they abandoned more than thirty camels and thirty cloaks, and Salama piled the cloaks and marked everything for the Prophet . He took nothing for himself.

Then the horsemen of the Muslims catch up. Among the first is Akhram al-Asadi, charging ahead toward the raiders. Salama grabs the reins of his horse and warns him: these men will kill you — wait for the Prophet and his companions. And Akhram gives an answer that should stop every one of us:

يَا سَلَمَةُ، إِنْ كُنْتَ تُؤْمِنُ بِاللهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ، وَتَعْلَمُ أَنَّ الْجَنَّةَ حَقٌّ وَالنَّارَ حَقٌّ، فَلَا تَحُلْ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ الشَّهَادَةِ
Ya Salama, in kunta tu’minu billahi wal-yawmi al-akhir, wa ta‘lamu anna al-jannata haqq wan-nara haqq, fala tahul bayni wa bayna ash-shahadah
O Salama, if you believe in Allah and the Last Day, and you know that Paradise is real and the Fire is real, then do not stand between me and martyrdom.
Sahih Muslim 1807

So Salama let go of the reins. Akhram fought ‘Abd al-Rahman al-Fazari and was martyred, رضي الله عنه — and Abu Qatada then struck down ‘Abd al-Rahman. These were people who knew exactly what they believed, and their belief moved their bodies.

At the end of that day, the Prophet stood among the people and said:

كَانَ خَيْرَ فُرْسَانِنَا الْيَوْمَ أَبُو قَتَادَةَ، وَخَيْرَ رَجَّالَتِنَا سَلَمَةُ
Kana khayra fursanina al-yawma Abu Qatada, wa khayra rajjalatina Salama
The best of our horsemen today was Abu Qatada, and the best of our foot-soldiers was Salama.
Sahih Muslim 1807

And then the Prophet did something he did for no one else that day: he gave Salama two shares of the spoils — the share of the horseman and the share of the foot-soldier, combined. For our math-minded brothers and sisters: the man who owned no horse was paid as if he were two men. Then the Prophet seated him behind him on his own she-camel, al-‘Adba’, for the ride back to Madinah.

One more scene from that same narration, because it tells you everything about how Allah honors a person’s gift. On the way back, a man from the Ansar — a famous runner, who kept boasting that no one could beat him to Madinah — challenged the group. Salama, exhausted from a full day of combat, asked the Prophet’s permission, then said: “ثَنَيْتُ رِجْلَيَّ فَطَفَرْتُ”I gathered my legs and leapt — and he beat him into Madinah. The fastest thing about Salama was not his mouth. It was the gift Allah gave him, and he had spent the entire day placing that gift في سبيل الله.

Brothers and sisters, hold that picture in your mind — one man, no horse, no wealth, just legs, a bow, and a voice, and the willingness to give all three to Allah. We will come back to what this means for you and me.

أَسْتَغْفِرُ اللَّهَ لِي وَلَكُمْ فَاسْتَغْفِرُوهُ إِنَّهُ هُوَ الْغَفُورُ الرَّحِيمُ
Astagfirullah li wa lakum fastaghfiruu innahu huwa al-Ghafoor ar-Raheem
I seek forgiveness from Allah for myself and for you, so seek His forgiveness. Indeed, He is the Most Forgiving, the Most Merciful.
Du‘a in the middle of the khutbah

[Short break between the two khutbahs]

Part Two

Alhamdulillah, wa salatu wa salamu ‘ala Rasulillah.

Brothers and sisters, before we take the lesson home, one more moment from Salama’s life — this one at Khaybar, and it is in both Bukhari and Muslim.

The army is marching by night. A man calls out to Salama’s uncle, ‘Amir ibn al-Akwa‘ — who was a poet — “Won’t you let us hear some of your verses?” So ‘Amir dismounts and begins chanting to keep the army moving, and listen to the first line of a warrior’s poetry:

تَاللهِ لَوْلَا اللهُ مَا اهْتَدَيْنَا — وَلَا تَصَدَّقْنَا وَلَا صَلَّيْنَا
Tallahi lawla Allahu ma ihtadayna — wa la tasaddaqna wa la sallayna
By Allah, had Allah not guided us, we would not have been guided — nor given charity, nor prayed.
Sahih al-Bukhari 4196; Sahih Muslim 1802

The Prophet asked, “Who is that driver?” They said: ‘Amir ibn al-Akwa‘. He said: “يَرْحَمُهُ اللهُ” — “May Allah have mercy on him.” And the Companions knew that whenever the Prophet said that about a man on the eve of battle, shahadah was written for him. At Khaybar, ‘Amir’s own sword recoiled and struck him, and he died. Some of the Companions began saying that ‘Amir’s deeds were nullified because he died by his own blade. Salama came to the Prophet crying about what they said. And the Prophet answered:

كَذَبَ مَنْ قَالَهَا، إِنَّ لَهُ لَأَجْرَيْنِ — إِنَّهُ لَجَاهِدٌ مُجَاهِدٌ
Kadhaba man qalaha, inna lahu la-ajrayn — innahu la-jahidun mujahid
Whoever said that is wrong. He has two rewards — he was a striver who strove in Allah’s cause.
Sahih al-Bukhari 4196; Sahih Muslim 1802

SubhanAllah — an entire family paid like they were two men. The uncle: two rewards. The nephew: two shares. That is Allah’s accounting for people who give everything they actually have.

And Salama carried the marks of that giving on his body. Yazid ibn Abi ‘Ubayd said: I saw the mark of a blow on Salama’s leg and asked him about it. He said, “This is a blow I received at Khaybar. The people said, ‘Salama has been struck!’ So I was brought to the Prophet and he blew on it three times — and I have not felt pain from it until this hour.” (Sahih al-Bukhari 4206)

The Lesson: The Ummah Was Built by Different Gifts

Now, brothers and sisters, here is the point I want every one of us to walk out with today.

Look across the Sahaba, and you will see that Allah did not give them all the same gift. The Prophet himself said — in a hadith graded sahih, recorded by al-Tirmidhi:

أَرْحَمُ أُمَّتِي بِأُمَّتِي أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَشَدُّهُمْ فِي أَمْرِ اللهِ عُمَرُ، وَأَصْدَقُهُمْ حَيَاءً عُثْمَانُ، وَأَقْضَاهُمْ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، وَأَقْرَؤُهُمْ لِكِتَابِ اللهِ أُبَيُّ بْنُ كَعْبٍ، وَأَعْلَمُهُمْ بِالْحَلَالِ وَالْحَرَامِ مُعَاذُ بْنُ جَبَلٍ، وَأَفْرَضُهُمْ زَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ، أَلَا وَإِنَّ لِكُلِّ أُمَّةٍ أَمِينًا، وَإِنَّ أَمِينَ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ بْنُ الْجَرَّاحِ
Arhamu ummati bi-ummati Abu Bakr, wa ashadduhum fee amrillahi ‘Umar, wa asdaquhum haya’an ‘Uthman, wa aqdahum ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib, wa aqra’uhum li-kitabillahi Ubayy ibn Ka‘b, wa a‘lamuhum bil-halali wal-harami Mu‘adh ibn Jabal, wa afraduhum Zayd ibn Thabit. Ala wa inna li-kulli ummatin ameena, wa inna ameena hadhihi al-ummati Abu ‘Ubaydah ibn al-Jarrah
The most merciful of my ummah toward my ummah is Abu Bakr; the firmest in the command of Allah is ‘Umar; the most truly modest is ‘Uthman; the best judge is ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib; the best reciter of the Book of Allah is Ubayy ibn Ka‘b; the most knowledgeable of the halal and the haram is Mu‘adh ibn Jabal; the most learned in inheritance law is Zayd ibn Thabit. And indeed every ummah has a trustee, and the trustee of this ummah is Abu ‘Ubaydah ibn al-Jarrah.
Jami‘ al-Tirmidhi 3791 — graded sahih by al-Albani

One ummah — and every single one of them carrying a different gift. Nobody came to Salama ibn al-Akwa‘ asking for fatwas on inheritance. That was Zayd’s gift. Nobody asked Zayd ibn Thabit to chase down a cavalry raid on foot. That was Salama’s gift. And neither of them wasted his life wishing he had the other man’s portion.

In the engineering world, when we build a system, every component has a spec sheet — this is what this part was built to do. You don’t complain that the database isn’t a camera. You ask: is this component doing the job it was built for? Brothers and sisters, Allah wrote your spec sheet before you were born. He gave you your portion deliberately:

وَلَا تَتَمَنَّوْا۟ مَا فَضَّلَ ٱللَّهُ بِهِۦ بَعْضَكُمْ عَلَىٰ بَعْضٍ ۚ لِّلرِّجَالِ نَصِيبٌ مِّمَّا ٱكْتَسَبُوا۟ ۖ وَلِلنِّسَآءِ نَصِيبٌ مِّمَّا ٱكْتَسَبْنَ ۚ وَسْـَٔلُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ مِن فَضْلِهِۦٓ ۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ بِكُلِّ شَىْءٍ عَلِيمًا
Wa la tatamannaw ma faddala Allahu bihi ba‘dakum ‘ala ba‘d. Lir-rijali naseebun mimma iktasaboo wa lin-nisa’i naseebun mimma iktasabn. Was’aloo Allaha min fadlih. Inna Allaha kana bikulli shay’in ‘aleema
And do not crave what Allah has given some of you over others. Men will be rewarded according to their deeds and women ⟨equally⟩ according to theirs. Rather, ask Allah for His bounties. Surely Allah has ⟨perfect⟩ knowledge of all things.
Qur’an, Surah an-Nisa 4:32 (The Clear Quran)

So the question is not “why don’t I have what he has?” The question — and this is my reminder to myself before anyone else — is: what did Allah actually put in my hands, and am I spending it في سبيل الله?

Some of you are given wealth — then your Dhu Qarad is your checkbook, and this community, this masjid, our school, the widow, the refugee family, they are your battlefield. Some of you are given knowledge or a skill — you can code, you can teach, you can fix cars, you can do someone’s taxes — then give the ummah the hours only you can give. Some of you are given a voice — you’re the one people listen to at work, in the family — then be the one who raises it for the truth like Salama raised his on that hill: ya sabahah! Some of you are given time and health — the young men and women here have Salama’s actual gift, legs and lungs — then serve. Set up the chairs. Drive the elder to his appointment. Show up.

And do not let shaytan tell you your gift is too small. Salama’s gift, on paper, was the smallest in the camp — he was the man with no horse. But he gave it completely, and Allah recorded him in Sahih Muslim, in his own voice, so that fourteen hundred years later, in Burlington, North Carolina, we are still learning from the man who ran.

So this week, brothers and sisters, one practical assignment. Sit with yourself for five minutes and write down honestly: what has Allah given me? Not what you wish He gave you — what He gave you. Then pick one way to spend it for His sake before next Jumu‘ah. That is your bay‘ah. And remember the ayah we opened with: لَن تَنَالُوا۟ ٱلْبِرَّ حَتَّىٰ تُنفِقُوا۟ مِمَّا تُحِبُّونَ — you will never reach righteousness until you give from what you love — وَمَا تُنفِقُوا۟ مِن شَىْءٍ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ بِهِۦ عَلِيمٌ — and whatever you give, from anything, Allah knows it well.

Du‘a: Allahumma make us of those who give You from what they love. Allahumma You gave each of us our portion — help us find it, and help us spend it fee sabeelik. Allahumma taqabbal minna a‘malana, wa thabbitna ‘ala deenik, wa ahyina ‘ala sunnati nabiyyik . Allahumma Yansur AlMuslimeen fee Palestine, Sudan, Yemen, Burma, wa Kul Makan. Rabbi Ighfirlana, Warhamna, Wa anta Mawlana fansurna ‘ala Alqawma al Kafireen. Ameen.

Closing

عِبَادَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَأْمُرُ بِالْعَدْلِ وَالْإِحْسَانِ وَإِيتَاءِ ذِي الْقُرْبَىٰ وَيَنْهَىٰ عَنِ الْفَحْشَاءِ وَالْمُنْكَرِ وَالْبَغْيِ يَعِظُكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَذَكَّرُونَ اذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ وَأَقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ
‘Ibaad-allaah, inna-llaaha ya-muru bil-‘adli wal-ihsaan, wa eetaa-i dhil-qurbaa, wa yanhaa ‘anil-fah-shaa-i wal-munkari wal-baghee, ya‘idhukum la‘allakum tadhakkaroon. Uthkuroo Allah wa aqimus-Salah
O servants of Allah! Indeed, Allah commands justice, kindness, and giving to relatives, and He forbids immorality, evil, and injustice. He admonishes you so that you may take heed. Remember Allah, and establish prayer.
Closing of the khutbah — Surah an-Nahl 16:90

Sources

  • Qur’an: Ali ‘Imran 3:92; Al-Fath 48:18; An-Nisa 4:32 (translation: The Clear Quran, Dr. Mustafa Khattab)
  • Sahih Muslim 1807 — Salama’s long firsthand narration: the triple bay‘ah, Dhu Qarad, “best of our foot-soldiers,” the two shares, the footrace
  • Sahih al-Bukhari 2960; Sahih Muslim 1860 — the pledge “upon death”
  • Sahih al-Bukhari 4196; Sahih Muslim 1802 — ‘Amir ibn al-Akwa‘ at Khaybar, “he has two rewards”
  • Sahih al-Bukhari 4206 — the wound at Khaybar and the Prophet blowing on it
  • Jami‘ al-Tirmidhi 3791 — the “gifts of the Sahaba” hadith, graded sahih by al-Albani